Igama elithi “ukuncipha” linokuchazwa njengotshintsho kubungakanani belaphu okanye impahla. Olu tshintsho lunokuba luhle (ukukhula okanye ukwandiswa) okanye lube lubi (ukuncipha) kubude, ububanzi kunye nobukhulu belaphu. Nangona ubukhulu belaphu butshintsha ngenxa yokucubungula nokusetyenziswa, oku akusoloko kuthathwa njengengxaki. Kwilaphu lekotoni, ukuncipha kukulahlekelwa bubude kunye/okanye ububanzi. Kwimpahla, ukuncipha akuhambelani nje notshintsho kubungakanani belaphu, kodwa kunokunxulunyaniswa nezinye iiparameter ezifana nokuqhekeka kwemithungo, ukujija, kunye nokulingana kwempahla iyonke.
Ukushwabana yinkqubo apho ilaphu liba ncinci kunobukhulu balo bokuqala, ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yenkqubo yokuhlamba impahla. Ilaphu lekotoni lineengxaki ezimbini eziphambili: Liyashwabana kwaye lishwabane ngexesha lokuhlamba emva koko. Nangona kunjalo, kukho amalaphu ahlala exhathisa ukushwabana. Iifayibha ezenziweyo ezifana ne-polyester okanye i-nylon zihlala zishwabana kancinci kunezinye, kodwa azixhathisi ngokupheleleyo.
Iintlobo zokuncipha kwelaphu:
1, Ukuncipha kolwakhiwo:
Emva kokuba ilaphu lekotoni lenziwe kumatshini wokuluka okanye wokuluka, lifumana iimpawu ezithile zokwakha ezahlukeneyo zomsonto osetyenzisiweyo. Ezi mpawu okanye iimeko zibizwa ngokuba yimeko eluhlaza kwaye zinokuvavanywa kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukushwabana. Uhlobo lokushwabana olulinganiswa kweli nqanaba luchazwa njengokuncipha kolwakhiwo, oluyinani lotshintsho lobukhulu kwilaphu olusekelwe kuphela kwiinguqu zoyilo ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza ilaphu. Ukushwabana kolwakhiwo kulinganiswa emva kokwenziwa kodwa ngaphambi kweenkqubo ezilandelayo.
2, Ukucubungula ukuncipha:
Iinkqubo zokudaya nokugqiba kunye nenkqubo yokwenziwa kweempahla zichaphazela ubukhulu bemveliso. Ezinye iinkqubo zinempembelelo enkulu kunezinye.
La manyathelo akhokelela ekucutshungulweni kokuncipha, okunokuchazwa njengotshintsho kwiimilinganiselo ezifakwa yinkqubo okanye ezisuswayo ekucutshungulweni kolwakhiwo lwelaphu, ngaloo ndlela kutshintsha ukucutshungulwa okuseleyo. Zombini ubude nobubanzi ziyachaphazeleka, kwaye amalaphu anokutsalwa kwaye ancitshiswe. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukucutshungulwa okumanzi kuyawolula ubude kwaye kunciphisa ububanzi. Ezinye zezi ncitshiso zi-elastic shrinkage kwaye zinokubuyiselwa ngokulula; nangona kunjalo, ezinye iinguqu ezinobukhulu azinakubuyiselwa kuba imida ye-elastic yelaphu igqithiwe ngexesha lokwenziwa kwayo.
3, Ukuncipha kwe-Elastic:
Ukuncitshiswa kwelaphu kukutshintsha kobukhulu belaphu okubangelwa kukukwazi kwelaphu ukuphumla ngokukhululekileyo phantsi koxinzelelo oluveliswa ngexesha lokwenziwa kunye nolunye unyango.
4, Ukomisa ukuncipha:
Ukuncipha kokomisa kukutshintsha kobukhulu belaphu okubangelwa “kukususwa” kweefayibha, imisonto kunye nezakhiwo ngexesha lenkqubo yokomisa. Isakhiwo siyancipha sodwa ngenxa yefiziksi yokomisa. Iinkqubo eziqhubekayo ngexesha lokudaya nokulungiselela ukomisa ngokubanzi ziyalula ubude kwaye zolule okanye zinciphise ububanzi, ngamanye amaxesha zidlulela ngaphaya kokuqina kwazo, zitshintshe ubukhulu obukhululekileyo.
Kukwakho neentlobo ezimbini zokuncipha ezenzeka ngexesha lokuhlamba: Kwicala lobude nakwicala lobubanzi.
Ngokwesiqhelo indawo yesikwere itsalwa kwizinto ezinciphayo ize ilinganiswe. Ilaphu eliphawulweyo libiliswa emanzini amatsha kumjikelo wokuhlamba imizuzu engama-30, lifakwe kwi-centrifuge kwaye lomiswe ngomoya. Ubukhulu besikwere bulinganiswa ngaphandle kokuyina ilaphu elomileyo, kwaye ukuncipha kuyamiselwa. Ilaphu elifaneleyo kakuhle kufuneka libe nokuncipha okushiyekileyo okungadluli kwi-1%.
Siyathemba ukuba eli nqaku liza kuba luncedo kuwe. Jonga iwebhusayithi yethu ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya ngamalaphu kunye neendaba zoshishino. Ukuba unemibuzo, nceda ungathandabuzi ukuqhagamshelana nathi.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Februwari-12-2023